Patanjali and the Yoga Sutras

I have to admit, before I started yoga teacher training I though yoga was all about asanas, pranayama and meditation. Learning the ancient wisdom and history of yoga has been one of the most eye-opening aspects along my yoga path

Atha yoga nusasanam. (Now the authoritative teaching of Yoga can begin.)
— Patanjali's Yoga Sutra 1.1

Given how important Patanjali is to the yoga movement, there isn’t a lot of detail about who this ancient sage actually was and when he churned out his work. It was probably some time around the second century BCE (before the common era) or the second century CE. It’s also not clear if there was just one author of the Yoga Sutras or if they resulted from of a collective of great sages who spanned generations. I like the idea that they were developed over time by wise people who didn’t need the accolades.

The Yoga Sutras (or threads) are regarded as the bees knees of authoritative texts on yoga. They include 195 aphorisms (a concise statement that contains a general truth) or nuggets of wisdom, and they offer guidelines for living a meaningful and purposeful life.

Interestingly, they don’t focus just on yoga poses - asanas are mentioned three times, pranayama about ten times, and there’s a big focus on meditation (around 50-60).

Patanjali’s Eight Limbs of Yoga

Did you know that ashtanga actually means the eightfold path? Ashta means eight and anga means limb. And here I was thinking Ashtanga Yoga was a challenging asana sequence! Well it is, but there’s more to it…

1. Yamas

Restraints. There are five of them!

Read more here

3. Asana

Poses.

5. Pratyahara

Withdrawal of the senses.

7. Dhyana

State of meditation.

2 Niyamas

Observances. Again, five of them!

Read more here.

4. Pranayama

Breath.

6. Dharana

Intense focus.

8. Samadhi

State of oneness.

I’m going to dive into each of the eight limbs more deeply and my ‘to do’ reading list is below.
If you have any other suggestions let me know!

The Yamas and Niyamas
Deborah Adele

The Wisdom of Yoga: A Seeker’s Guide to Extraordinary Living
Stephen Cope